Proper 29 / Christ The King
Ezekiel 34:11-16, 20-24 / Psalm 100 / Ephesians 1:15-23 / Matthew 25:31-46
As some of you know, before I left South Carolina to come to New York for seminary, I was a graduate student in Chemistry. During my last few months in school, the Chemistry department was in the middle of a major move into a new wing. As part of this process, we had to go through all of the chemicals that had collected in the research labs over the years. During this process, we had to sort through the various containers, grouping them by property – all of the chemicals containing mercury, for instance, had to be grouped together because of the hazards associated with mercury poisoning. Likewise, we had to group all of the oxidizers together, and all of the flammable items together. But our instruction sheet contained what I thought to be a curious instruction: The sheet read: “Make sure that items marked as flammable and items marked as inflammable are kept together.” This instruction didn’t make any sense to me – why would we group dissimilar items? I asked my advisor, who smiled, and advised me to check in a dictionary. As it turned out, through some of the subtleties of the English language, the word “inflammable” means exactly the same thing as the word “flammable” – easily set on fire. While we generally associate the prefix in- with negatives – such in the words indirect or insufficient; however, the Latin prefix in- has the meaning of “into.” And that was the particular way the prefix was used in the term “inflammable” in the lab. Somewhat paradoxically, that one single word carried two opposite meanings at once; one meaning that seemed obvious on the surface, and one that required a bit more digging to reach.
The gospel appointed for today – the Solemnity of Christ the King, the Last Sunday after Pentecost – exhibits a bit of this same phenomenon. Today’s gospel from Matthew picks up where the Parable of the Talents left us last week – continuing a series of passages in which Jesus instructs his followers on how they are to live in anticipation of his return. Our passage today presents us with the only description of the final judgment within the four gospels, and the most exhaustive description of those events in the New Testament. Unsurprisingly, then, for centuries the church has paid great attention to this pericope of scripture. You recall the gospel as we just heard it in its apparent simplicity: at the second coming, all nations are gathered before Jesus on his throne of glory; and the righteous are separated from the unrighteous just as a shepherd would separate the valuable sheep from the less expensive goats. The king invites the righteous, gathered at his right hand, to inherit the kingdom prepared for them, “for I was hungry and you gave me food, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you welcomed me, I was naked and you gave me clothing, I was sick and you took care of me, I was in prison and you visited me.’” When, the righteous ask, did we see you in these states? And the king answers, “‘Truly I tell you, just as you did it to one of the least of these who are members of my family, you did it to me.’” The scene repeats itself, this time with the unrighteous at the king’s left hand; they, however, are sent into eternal fire, for, as the king says, “for I was hungry and you gave me no food, I was thirsty and you gave me nothing to drink, I was a stranger and you did not welcome me, naked and you did not give me clothing, sick and in prison and you did not visit me.’” They, too, ask when they neglected the king, and he responds that “Truly I tell you, just as you did not do it to one of the least of these, you did not do it to me.’” And so the righteous are led into eternal life, and the unrighteous into punishment.
For years, we have taken this passage at its face value, for the face value lesson is itself valuable: in serving the least among us, we are serving Jesus himself, and that in ignoring the least among us, we ignore Jesus himself. While our salvation is never achieved through our own efforts at good – for it is, after all, by God’s grace that we are able to do any good at all – we are called to reach out to the Christ in others even when do not, cannot, or dare not see him there. Just as Jesus was found throughout his ministry among the lost and least, we, too – as heirs to Jesus’ ministry and kingdom – are called there, too.
But words, as I noted earlier, are tricky. When the gospel text today says that “All the nations” will be gathered before the Son of Man in all his glory, it uses the Greek phrase “πάντα τὰ ἔθνη” - “panta ta ethni” The word ethnos – translated in this phrase as “nations” – is also repeatedly seen throughout Matthew’s gospel to mean “Gentiles.” And if we take a second look at our gospel through that lens, its meaning changes drastically. Suddenly, “all nations” become not representative of all of humanity, but of all of the Gentiles – of all of those outside of the Gospel community. And suddenly, “the least of these” becomes representative not of the poor, the naked, and the hungry, but of those who follow after Jesus as the least in society. The lesson suddenly changes from a lesson about how we treat others, to a lesson about how God intercedes on our behalf – after following the difficult promises of Jesus, after being among those persecuted for righteousness sake, ours will be the kingdom of heaven. The passage moves from judgment to comfort, as the order of nature is re-shuffled into the reality of God’s vision for all creation. Things aren’t as apparent as they seemed at first glance.
So which is it? How do we read this passage? And who, specifically, are we in this passage? Are we the ones being judged before the throne of glory, or are we the ones for whom Jesus is interceding? The scriptures, once again, may leave us tied in knots. But I believe the contradictory questions point to a larger truth: we live on both sides of this story, in both interpretations at once. Somewhat paradoxically, this one single story carries two opposite meanings at once; one meaning that seemed obvious on the surface, and one that required a bit more digging to reach. And yet in this paradox is great truth.
We are at once persecutor and persecuted; we are at once commanded to care for others while ourselves needing the deepest care in our own brokenness. We are both judged by Our Lord for our failure to see his face in the other, while also redeemed and interceded for by him when others fail to see his face in us. Such is our life in that great kingdom in which Christ is King. We constantly know where we are going, and taste it this very moment – but we are then ever reminded that we are not there just yet. And so, on this final Sunday of our liturgical year, on this Solemnity of Christ the King, we find ourselves making that same prayer we made when the church’s year began one year ago, and that we will make again next week in our new liturgical year as we enter into Advent: Come Lord Jesus, and be our judge, and open in us the gates of your kingdom.
Amen.